In genetic engineering, which method uses brief electrical pulses to create pores in the cell membrane to introduce DNA?

In genetic engineering, which method uses brief electrical pulses to create pores in the cell membrane to introduce DNA?

• A. Electroporation
• B. Transformation
• C. Conjugation
• D. Transduction

Answer: (A)

Brief electrical pulses temporarily permeabilize the cell membrane by forming pores, allowing DNA to enter from the surrounding solution. This controlled membrane poration is the defining feature of electroporation, enabling uptake of genetic material into a wide range of cells. Other methods rely on chemical or environmental treatments to encourage DNA entry, direct cell-to-cell transfer, or viral vectors, rather than creating transient membrane pores with electricity. Therefore, this approach is electroporation.

Brief electrical pulses temporarily permeabilize the cell membrane by forming pores, allowing DNA to enter from the surrounding solution. This controlled membrane poration is the defining feature of electroporation, enabling uptake of genetic material into a wide range of cells. Other methods rely on chemical or environmental treatments to encourage DNA entry, direct cell-to-cell transfer, or viral vectors, rather than creating transient membrane pores with electricity. Therefore, this approach is electroporation.